Early History of Egypt 3100-1200BC.
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(3 pp). Archaeological evidence suggests that, Egypt was inhabited by hunters over 250,000 years ago when the region was a green grassland. The Paleolithic period around 25,000BC brought climatic changes, which turned Egypt into a desert. Desertification of Egypt was halted by rains, which allowed communities of cultivators to settle in Middle Egypt and the Nile Delta. Throughout most of its pre-dynastic history Egypt encompassed a multiplicity of settlements, which gradually became small tribal kingdoms. These kingdoms evolved into two loosely confederated states: one encompassed the Nile valley up to the Delta (with the Naqada dominating) with Hierakonpolis as capital, represented by the deities Seth and White Crown; the other encompassed the Delta, with Buto as its capital and represented by the deities Horus and Red Crown. The two kingdoms vied for power over all the land of Egypt. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BBegyhxR.doc

Easter and Solstice
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This 5 page report discusses the decline and the increase of two holidays in America. While Easter was once one of the most important Christian holidays of the year, in many ways it has declined to an event to support the candy industry. Solstice celebrations (both winter and summer) have gained in popularity, partially in response to a greater earth consciousness and partially as an “alternative” celebration. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Eastsols.wps

Egyptian Journey to the Afterlife
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A 15 page discussion of the critical components of the ancient Egyptian's belief in an afterlife. Notes that much of our contemporary knowledge regarding ancient Egyptian culture is based on archaeological findings. Among the most interesting of these findings are those which relate to the elaborate worship rituals of the Egyptians, rituals which to a large degree were comprised of those relating to death and the afterlife. Provides an overview of Egyptian belief, preparation for the afterlife, mummification, the preparation of the body, rituals instructing the dead, the tombs, and ceremonies. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPegyDth.wps

Egyptian Mummies: Societal Significance
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A 3 page discussion of the importance of Egyptian mummies to Egyptian belief in an afterlife. Clarifies that originally only the pharaohs were mummified in recognition of the belief that they were living gods. Eventually,however, mummification became the desire of all ancient Egyptians and all those who could afford to do so pursued mummification as an insurance of their participation in an afterlife. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPmummy.wps

EGYPTIAN SHAWABTIS: SYMBOLISM AND MEANING
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This 4 page paper describes the funtion, iconography, symbolism, religious meaning, and explains the significance of the Ancient Egyptian Shawabtis. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBswbtis.rtf

Epicurean Ethics
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A 5 page paper discussing the Epicurean view of good and evil (i.e., pleasure and pain) and the part that knowledge plays in bringing the happiness that should be the goal of every individual. Epicurus (342-270 B.C.) maintained that the pursuit of pleasure was not that which could be procured through physical enjoyments, but rather through contemplation. Therefore knowledge can only contribute to the happy life, for increased knowledge can bring increased assurance that the Epicurean way is the true one. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: KSepicure.rtf

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