Female American Film Directors
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This 27 page research paper explores the contributions of women directors to American cinema. Specifically discussed are the films of Lois Weber, Dorothy Arzner, Ida Lupino, Elaine May, Joan Micklin Silver, Claudia Weill and Susan Seidelman and their depiction of male and female characters. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: Femaldir.wps

Female Genital Mutilation, Activism, and Alice Walker :
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This 10 page paper wages a persuasive argument to fight female genital mutilation (FGM). Alice Walker's book "Anything We Love Can Be Saved : A Writer's Activism" is the impetus for the discussion. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA048FGM.wps

Female Slaves in the Plantation South:
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This 5 page paper discusses the female slaves in the plantation South. Furthermore, this paper specifically examines the book, "Aren't I a Woman" by Deborah Gray. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: GSPlansl.rtf

Female Spectatorship
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5 pages in length. The overwhelming sense of maleness within the early film industry lends itself to the notion of female spectatorship. That men were in complete control of how a film was shot – from the camera angle and perspective to the most subtle nuances pertaining to blocking, dialogue and story line – speaks volumes regarding the intended masculine viewpoint manifested in these productions. Such films as Psycho, Rebecca and All About My Mother clearly portray the overtly masculine perspective, while at the same time only appear to project to the female spectator. This clever masquerade is what has motivated such precedence-setting authors as Laura Mulvey and Betty Friedan to take issue with the manner by which the issue of female spectatorship has been addressed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCspect.wps

Female Wage and Labor Differentials in Canada: History, Difference in Labor Markets, The Wage Gap, General Discrimination and Trends
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This is a 12 page paper discussing wage and labor differentials for women in Canada. Within Canada today, women in the labor force generally make 70 to 80 cents for every dollar men make. This “wage gap” has actually decreased greatly over the years but still has a long way to go for total equity in the work place despite positive legislation in the 1970s and 1980s. Historically, women within Canada have been “crowded” into certain female-dominated professions such as clerical positions, nursing, teaching, domestic work, social work and sales and services. While clerical work once was comparable with male blue-collar jobs in regards to pay, the increase in unionization in many blue-collar trades left most of the female-dominated positions as those which were lower paid. As women shifted away from clerical positions and proceeded to attain degrees in higher education, the wage gap began to decrease but then women encountered the “glass ceiling” in which women held a disproportionate number of positions in the lowest quartile in large corporations. Today, women still have lower average salaries than men despite the gain in higher education. One of the reasons found within studies by Statistics Canada and others is that women who choose to have and raise children lose experience during their absence; experience men continue to gain which in turn leads to more promotions. Another reason believed for the continue wage gap is discrimination which still exists within employers, co-workers and the general population somewhat who still categorize some professions as “female” (such as teaching) and some as “male” (such as the trades) and in essence this restricts female workers from opportunities within the blue collar and higher executive markets. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJwompd1.rtf

Female-Exploitative Advertising
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A 10 page research paper defining just what constitutes exploitative advertising. Each spring, the print advertisements of the previous year are pooled for judging. It's awards time again. Winning an award for an ad is a true cap feather, but winning ads are not necessarily the most effective. If an effective ad as one designed with the built-in ability to reach the audience for which it is intended, then one that grabs the attention of a panel of experts is not necessarily the one that will work best for its intended purpose. Calvin Klein indeed captured attention, but that attention was accompanied by accusations of exploitation and kiddie porn. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Femads.wps

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